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PS3036 GAS LIFT OPERATIONS
2 Days
Location: SRTCC
Contact: SRTCC Staff,
Overview
This course is a study of gas-lift principles, the gas-lift well operation, and
troubleshooting techniques. The basic fundamentals of continuous and intermittent gas lift
are presented. Unloading the well and using surface indicators to troubleshoot are
emphasized. This course does not cover gas-lift design, and calculations are kept to a
minimum. This course is designed for field operations.
Designed For
This course is recommended for Production Operators, Relief Operators, and/or those who
operate and maintain gas-lift wells.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
- Understand how a gas-lift system works.
- Understand the unloading sequence and associated downhole conditions.
- Optimize production from a gas-lift well.
- Understand bottomhole pressure surveys and their use in troubleshooting and evaluating a
gas-lift well.
- Use the well test and gas injection chart to evaluate gas-lift performance.
- Relate to basic wireline equipment and techniques involved in gas-lift work.
Outline
- BASIC GAS LIFT
- Gas-Lift Model Demonstration - How Gas-Lift Valves Work
- Unloading The Well
- Optimizing Production From The Well
- BHP SURVEYS AND APPLICATIONS
- BHP Surveys And Their Use In Well Surveillance
- TROUBLESHOOTING
- Interpreting The Well Test And Gas-Lift Chart To Evaluate Well Performance
- WIRELINE OPERATIONS
- Wireline Techniques And Equipment
PS2088 ADVANCED GAS MEASUREMENT
5 Days
Location: SRTCC
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course will provide the participants the opportunity to view
a gas flow measurement system from the mechanical hardware in the piping
system all the way to the electronic signals that represent the flow,
pressure and temperature components.
Course content combines both primary measuring elements such as orifice
plates, differential pressure sensing taps, straightening vanes and meter
runs, with electronic pressure and temperature transmitters to create an
understanding of their combined operations while measuring gas.
Lab activities will focus on normal and defective orifice plates in
operation to observe the results in a measuring system. Also, seal units,
meter runs, straightening vanes and other devices will be observed in
operation in normal and malfunctioning conditions. Also included will be
design of meter runs for optimum measurement conditions. This will include
the disassembly, reassembly and troubleshooting of Daniel senior orifice
fittings. Gas properties and sampling procedures will also be evaluated.
Measurement principles and definitions of gas measurement will be
presented, including the effects of accuracy of measurement data. Electronic
transmitter principles for pressure and temperature will be provided, along
with their mode of operation and the various operating functions
incorporated in these devices. Calibration of both "dumb" and
smart pressure and temperature transmitters will be explained followed by
actual hands-on calibration by the students. Use of deadweight testers,
water testers and sampling procedures will be demonstrated and employed in
lab activities. At the conclusion of the course, programming and operation
of a gas flow computer will be performed by the class.
Designed For
- Those responsible for operations, maintenance and monitoring of gas
measuring equipment and systems
- Managers, supervisors, engineers, measurement technicians and process
operators
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
- Develop an understanding of gas measurement techniques and equipment
- Understand equipment and process variables that create errors in
measurement and calculations
- Develop skills to calibrate "dumb" and smart electronic
transmitters and gas flow computers.
- Train personnel in methods and procedures required for proper
installation, selection and troubleshooting of primary and secondary
measuring devices.
- Use hands-on lab activities to reinforce gas measurement applications
- Gain knowledge of various versions of AGA-3 gas measurement standards
and methods of volume and flow calculations.
Outline
Day 1
- Overview of course segments and objectives
- Lab team assignments
- Pre-test
- Defining terms related to gas measurement
- Pressure terminology
- Temperature terminology
- Characteristics of gas
- Temperature and pressure variations
- Gas content and quality
- Gas laws
- Basic elements of a gas measuring system
- Piping
- Orifice plates; Daniel orifice fittings
- Straightening vanes
- Meter runs
- Pressure taps
- Measuring instrument
- Barton Chart Recorder
- Electronic Transmitters
- American Gas Association requirements
- AGA-3 requirements
- Effects on measurement accuracy
Day 2
- Defining orifice plate configuration and elements
- Plate thickness, hole shape and diameter
- Seal units
- Placement and arrangement in flow pipe
- Meter run design
- Defining flow parameters
- Selecting pipe diameter and material
- Selecting orifice plate
- Selecting straightening vanes
- Selecting seal units
- Barton Chart Recorder
- Construction and assembly
Day 3
- Performing AGA-3 Gas Measurement Calculations
- With accurate data
- With defective data
- Field test activities with Barton Char Recorder
- Defective orifice plate variations
- Defective seal unit observations
- Taking data to evaluate problems
- Setting up meter runs and observing performance
Day 4
- Electronic gas measurement and transmission
- Defining transmitter terms
- Sensors used to process pressure and temperature
- measurements into electrical signals
- 2-wire and 4-wire transmitters
- Relative accuracy of each
- Understanding operation
- Calibrating "dumb" transmitters
- Calibrating smart transmitters
Day 5
- Other flow measurement devices
- Turbine flow meters
- Sonic flow meters
- Vortex flow meters
- Mass flow meters
- Annubar flow meters
- Gas flow problems
- Gas flow computer programming and operation
- Post-test
PS2090 GAS MEASUREMENT
4 Days
Location: SRTCC
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course covers theory and principles of gas measurement. Meter run design and
various factors that affect measurement, including application of correction factors, are
covered in detail. Hands-on operation, repair, and maintenance of orifice fittings are
covered in the workshop exercises. Other exercises include disassembly, reassembly and
calibration of various metering devices. The course also includes topics in electronic
measurement and has exercises involving calibration of electronic differential, pressure,
and temperature transmitters. Various types of manometers and a deadweight tester are used
in calibration exercises. Gas properties and sampling are also discussed.
Designed For
This course is recommended for the Production/Plant Operator and Relief Operators. The
individual who oversees or witnesses meter calibrations by an outside company or third
party should also be considered a candidate for this course.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
- Calculate gas volumes using the appropriate correction factors.
- Disassemble, assemble and troubleshoot Daniel senior orifice fittings.
- Safely change orifice plates and operate the senior and junior orifice fittings.
- Size a meter run to determine if it meets specifications.
- Make repairs and calibrate the Barton 202A.
- Calibrate the Rosemount differential, pressure and temperature transmitter.
- Evaluate sampling procedures.
Outline
- THEORY OF GAS MEASUREMENT
- METER TUBES, ORIFICE FITTINGS, AND ORIFICE PLATES
- ORIFICE METERS
- TURBINE METERS
- CHART HANDLING
- Interpretation Methods
- Types Of Charts
- ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT
- Flow Computers
- Transmitters
- Calibration Of Transmitters
- GAS TESTING TOOLS
- Deadweight Testers, Manometers, H2O Testers
- Sampling Procedures
- Dew-Point Monitors
- Gravitometers And Calorimeters
- GAS VOLUME COMPUTATION
- Application Of Flow Formulas
- Calculation Of Volume Using Linear L-10 And Percent Charts
- GAS PROPERTIES
- GAS SAMPLING
PS4914 GLYCOL DEHYDRATION
2 Days
Location: SRTCC or Customer's site
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course covers all aspects of triethylene glycol dehydration. Each individual
component of the glycol system is studied in detail. The course also covers the operating
principles and limits of each component and includes hands-on practice using a working
glycol unit. A color-coded cut-a-way unit is used to familiarize the student with the
construction and flow pattern of a typical system.
Designed For
This course is recommended for Production/Plant Operators and Relief Production/Plant
Operators.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
- Identify the vessels and components of the glycol dehydration unit.
- Trace lean and rich glycol flow.
- Troubleshoot a glycol system and make adjustments as necessary.
- Know the correct operating parameters.
- Calculate correct pump speed and glycol circulation rate needed for a particular
situation.
- Take and interpret samples and make visual inspection of the unit.
- Make use of water vapor content graphs.
Outline
- GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
- GLYCOL FLOW PATTERN AND SYSTEM CUT-A-WAY WALK-THROUGH
- COMPONENTS AND OPERATING RANGES
- Inlet Scrubber/Filter Separator
- Contactor (Absorber)
- Bubble Tray/Structured Packing
- Gas, Condensate, Glycol Separator
- Reconcentrator (Reboiler) and Sparge Gas System
- Fuel System
- The Furnace/Steam System
- Strainers, Filters, And Meters
- Back-Pressure Controller and Pumps - Kimray/Electric
- START-UP AND OPERATION
- Hands-On Exercises Using A Working Unit.
- TROUBLESHOOTING - CLASSROOM AND HANDS ON
- SYSTEM CALCULATIONS
- Kimray Pump Stroke Calculations
- Water Vapor Content of Gas
- Glycol Circulation Rates
- Absorber Gas Capacities (Contactor)
- GLYCOL SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
PS4293 LIQUID MEASUREMENT
3 Days
Location: SRTCC
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
Measurement manuals provide minimum requirements for custody transfer between parties.
This course covers static and dynamic measurement and consists of classroom lecture and
practical exercise, provides a comprehensive study of liquid measurement. This course
provides necessary training to qualify the student as a witness to a custody transfer.
This course includes actual hands-on proving by means of an onsite operating prover loop.
Designed For
This course is recommended for individuals who witness, supervise, or have direct
responsibility for calculating oil runs, sampling and gauging, and meter proving and
repair.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
- Sample crude and determine S&W and gravity according to API standards.
- Complete an oil run ticket and calculate volume to standard conditions by applying
proper correction factors.
- Operate a LACT unit.
- Prove LACT meter and calculate meter factors.
- Obtain temperatures and samples from crude oil storage tanks according to API standards.
- Use the proper equipment when sampling product (graduated cylinders, thief containers,
thermometers, tape, hydrometers, etc.).
- Work a storage tank.
Outline
- COURSE INTRODUCTION
- Industry Standards
- Shell Company Policy
- STATIC MEASUREMENT (Field Exercises Accompany Each Lecture)
- Storage Tanks - Lecture
- Gauging Equipment And Its Use - Lecture
- Temperature Measurement
- API Gravity Determination - Lecture
- S&W Determination - Lecture
- DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT (Field Exercises Accompany Each Lecture)
- Automatic Line Sampling - Lecture
- Metering - Lecture
- Temperature Compensation
- Meter Proving - Lecture
- LPG Metering - Lecture
- General Review Of The Course
- COURSE REVIEW
PS4522
PRODUCTION CONCEPTS
1 or 2 Days
Location: SRTCC or Customer's site
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course is designed to be an overview of producing and drilling operations without
extensive detail in any area. The course can be modified to emphasize topics that are of a
significant interest to a particular group.
Designed For
This course is recommended for support personnel in various departments such as
Finance, Oil and Gas Accounting, Human Resources, Purchasing, Drafting, and Terminal
Operations.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
- Better relate their work to field activities.
- Discuss field operations more confidently and with a better understanding.
- Identify major components/equipment of a drilling or producing operation.
- Understand how oil is produced, treated, and transported.
- Understand oil-field terms/slang common to drilling and producing operations.
Outline
- OVERVIEW
- Safety Issues
- Environmental Concerns And Issues
- Facility Tour
- DOWNHOLE EQUIPMENT AND WELL COMPLETIONS
- Reservoirs
- Completions - Perforating, Sand Control, Acidizing
- Miscellaneous Downhole Equipment
- SURFACE EQUIPMENT
- Wellheads, Flow Lines, And Manifolds
- Separators And Treating Equipment
- Flow Patterns
- OTHER
- PRODUCT MEASUREMENT
- Well Testing
- Tank Gauging
- Gas Measurement
- Gas Allocation
- Product Security
- HANDS-ON EXERCISES
PS2096 PROCESS 1
5 Days
Location: SRTCC
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course covers a wide spectrum of production-related topics from reservoir
through initial separation and process 2 covers from treating through
measurements of oil and gas (see course outlines for Process 1 & 2). Emphasis is placed on
production equipment operation and troubleshooting. Instruction is divided between
classroom lecture and hands-on exercises utilizing actual production equipment
with air and
water to simulate produced fluids. Actual hands on skills will be
demonstrated to prove competency by students.
Designed For
This course is recommended for Production Operators and Relief Production Operators.
Foremen, Engineers, and other Staff are invited to audit this course or portions of the
course.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
Outline
-
GEOLOGY
-
Basic Rock Types
- Basic Rock Properties
- Formation Fluids
- Trapping
- Drives
- Reservoir Terms
- Water Flood
- Attic Injection
- Reservoir Characteristics
-
DRILLING OPERATIONS
- Drilling Locations
- Drilling a Typical Well
- Drilling a Well
- Typical Rigs
- Power System
- Hoisting System
- Rotating System and Drill String
- Circulating System
- Starting the Well
- Liner Tie Backs
- Directional Drilling
- Horizontal and Multi-Lateral Wells
- Basic Drilling Operations for Subsea Wells
-
WELL COMPLETION & INTERVENTION
- Completion Process
- Completion Rig
- Uncompleted Well
- Gravel Pack Completion
- Perforation
- Gravel Pack Process
- Tubing Instillation
- Mechanical Problems
- Remedial Well Operations
- Conventional Well Intervention
- Coiled Tubing Units
- Snubbing Units
- Re-completing To Another Zone
- Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve
-
OPENING THE WELL
- Wellhead Equipment
- Solid Block Tree
- Subsea Tree
- The Christmas Tree
- Tubing Strings
- Flowlines
- Manifolds
- Flowlines & Manifolds
- Shake Out Procedure
- Valves
- Regulations
-
SUBSEA PRODUCTION
- Advantages/Disadvantages
- Subsea System
- Subsea Tree
- Production Manifold
- Flowline Jumper
- Well Jumper
- UTA (Umbilical Termination Assembly)
- Flying Leads
-
WELL FLUID SEPARATION
- Two & Three Phase Separators
- Inlet & outlet High Volume Separation Devices
- Mist Eliminators
- High Pressure Sight Glass/KTek
- Pressure & Level Sensor
- Relief Valves
- Pressure Gauge
- Temperature Gauge & Sample Tap
-
CONTROL SYSTEMS (Pneumatic Control Systems)
-
Operating Systems
- Load Shed Systems
-
PROCESS MEASUREMENTS (Electronic Control
Systems)
- Process Measurement
- Switches Vs Transmitters
- Measuring Level
- Electric Level Switch
- Measuring Pressure
- Measuring Temperature
- Process Measurement Summary
-
SAFETY SYSTEMS
- API-RP-14-C
- Safety Flow Chart
- Modes of Safety System Operation
- Undesirable Events
- Test Procedures, Test Tolerances and Leakage Rates
- Safety Shutdown System
- Controls Vs Safety
- Safe Chart
- Programmable Logic Controllers
- Detecting Abnormal Process Conditions
- Programming The PLC
- Ladder Logic
- Example Shutdown Sequence
- Summary - Electronic SSDS
-
WELL TESTING
- Reasons For Taking Well Test
- Government Requirements
- Before Starting The Well Test
- Problems To Be Aware OF
- Test Vessel
- Keep A Well In Test At All Times
- Separation Problems
- Oil/Water Separation
- Calculating Volumes Based On A Shake Out
- API Gravity Determination
- Determining If The Well Is Stabilized
- Calculating Test Time
- Reporting A Well Test
- Test Separator Meters
- Corrections To The Metered Volumes
- Determining The Shake Out Of A High Water Cut Well
-
ARTIFICIAL LIFT
- Continuous Flow Gas Lift
- Gas Lift Simulator
- Basic Principles Of Fluid Flow
- Oil Well Characteristics
- Gradients
-
COMPRESSION
- Types Of Compressors Used
- Operating Principle
- Typical Application
- Crankcase, Crankshaft, Bearings & Connecting Rods
PS2097 PROCESS 2
5 Days
Location: SRTCC
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course covers a wide spectrum of production-related topics from treating through
measurement of oil and gas and Process 1 covers reservoir
through initial separation (see course outlines for Process 1 & 2). Emphasis is placed on
production equipment, operation and troubleshooting. Instruction is divided between
classroom lecture and hands-on exercises, utilizing actual production equipment
with air and
water to simulate produced fluids. Actual hands on skills will be
demonstrated to prove competency by students.
Designed For
This course is recommended for Production Operators and Relief Production Operators.
Foremen, Engineers, and other Staff are invited to audit this course or portions of the
course.
Prerequisites
Process 1
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
- Understand the role of safety and environmental issues as related to his/her job and
Company business.
- Operate common production equipment such as manifolds, separators, emulsion treaters,
CPI units, WEMCO units, line heaters, etc.
- Test a well and make necessary calculations to correct volumes as necessary.
- Calculate oil and gas volumes using appropriate correction factors.
- Open/close wells and operate the Christmas tree.
- Understand the internal design and flow pattern in common production vessels/equipment.
- Understand gas lift, and/or rod pumping wells depending upon makeup of class.
- Understand basic gas compression.
Outline
-
REVIEW OF PROCESS I
-
Geology
-
Well Completion and Intervention
-
Opening the Well
-
Subsea
-
Well Fluid Separation
-
Controls
-
Well Testing
-
Artificial Lift
-
Compression
- GAS MEASUREMENT
- Accurate Measurement of Oil, Gas & Water is Critical to Producing
Operations
- Gas Measurement Devices will be discussed first. Gas Meters can be broken
down roughly into two groups
- Orfice Meter
- Annubar is also an Inference Type Device (2nd Meter)
- The UltraSonic Meter is begining to be used regularly in Gas Measurement
Service especially where large volumes are involved (3rd Meter)
- Gas Turbines are also Inference Meters
- V-Cone Meter (5th Meter)
- Vortex Flowmeters (6th Meter)
- Gas Volume is Expressed in Standard Cubic Feet or Standard Cubic Meters
- Water Vapor
- Sampling Devices
- Water Vapor Content
- Gas Volume Computation
- Electronic Measuring Devices
- GAS DEHYDRATION SYSTEM
- Basic Theory
- Gas Coalescing Filter Separator
- Glycol Contractor
- Contact Tower
- Glycol/Glycol Heat Exchange (Cold)
- Sock Filter
- Charcoal Filter
- Glycol/Glycol Heat Exchange (Hot)
- Still Column
- Reboiler
- Sparge Gas Column
- Gas/Glycol Heat Exchange
- Troubleshooting
- Glycol Loss
- HEATERS, EXCHANGERS & HRU
- Heaters & Heat Exchangers are Used Extensively in Producing Operations
- Waste Heat Recovery Unit
- Glycol/Glycol Heat Exchange
- CRUDE OIL TREATING
- Heater Treaters
- Chem-Electric Heater Treaters
- Bulk Oil Heat Exchange
- LACT SYSTEMS
- The Lact Unit is a Dynamic Measurement Device
- Equipment
- Charge Pumps
- Strainer/Vapor Eliminator
- Vapor Eliminator
- Static Mixers
- Sampling System
- S&W Monitor
- Meter
- S&W Determination Field Centrifuge Method
- API Gravity Determination - Field Thermohydrometer Method
- Prover Loop
- Meter Failure Detection System
- Pressure/Temperature Monitors
- Back Pressure Valve
- Check Valve
- Site Security
- WATER TREATING
- Produced Water Treating Systems are Required to Clean Produced Water
Before Disposal
- Typical Water Treating Devices
- The Wemco Floation Cell
- Prior to Start Up
- The Start Up Process
- Baker Hughes Vortoil
PS2151
WELLHEAD AND WELLBORE SURVEILLANCE
3 Days
Location: SRTCC
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course covers topics concerning the equipment that is installed in the completed
well. The relationship of the equipment to well integrity is emphasized. A specially
constructed horizontal well that is fully equipped is used in various exercises. The
prerequisite for this course is waived for Production Foremen and engineers.
Designed For
This course is recommended for all Operations Foremen and Production Operators.
Prerequisites
Production Operations school (PS2096).
Objectives
Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
- Identify equipment that is in the completed well.
- Relate the well equipment to a functional purpose and be aware of limitations caused by
design and/or by service.
- Understand problems that can occur as a result of abnormal operating conditions or
events.
- Use surface indicators to monitor well integrity.
- Identify possible sources of casing pressure.
Outline
- GEOLOGY
- Type Of Reservoirs
- Normal And Abnormal Pressured Reservoirs
- Fluid Flow In The Reservoir
- DRILLING
- Casing And Casing heads
- Cementing And Cementing Equipment
- Integrity Of Casing String
- TUBING HEADS AND TUBING STRING
- Tubing Head (Purpose, Seals, Outlet Valves, VR Plugs, Alignment Pins,
Tie down Pins) And
Hangers
- Tubing Size, Weight, And Grade
- Tubing Integrity
- WELL COMPLETIONS
- Packers/Seals
- Completion Fluids
- Subsurface Safety Valves
- Gas-Lift Mandrels
- Through-Tubing Equipment
- Gas-Lift Valves
- Sand Control
- CHRISTMAS TREES
- Valve Functions
- Operation, Including Choke Change
- Testing And Lubricating
- Materials And Corrosion
- FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
- Flow Characteristics Using A Gas-Lift Model
- Changes In Flow Characteristics
- Problems And Troubleshooting
- WELL AND WELLHEAD PROBLEMS
- Communications
- Sand Production
- Failed Cement Job
- Other Miscellaneous Problems
PS2288
PRODUCTION 101
1
Days
Location: SRTCC or Customer's Site
Contact: SRTCC Staff
Overview
This course is
designed to be an overview of producing operations without extensive detail in any area. The course
can be modified to emphasize topics that are of a significant interest to a particular group.
Designed
For
The course is recommended for support
staff in various departments such as Finance, Oil and Gas Accounting, Human Resources, Purchasing
and Terminal Operations. The course is an introduction
into oil field operations and is oriented to typical field operations.
The course takes us from the reservoir to the gas and oil sales points.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Upon completion
of this course, the student should be able to:
- Better
relate their work to field activities.
- Discuss
field operations more confidently and with a better understanding.
- Identify
major components/equipment of a producing operation.
- Understand
how oil is produced, treated, and transported.
- Understand
oil-field terms/slang common to producing operations.
Outline
-
INTRODUCTION
-
BASIC GEOLOGY
-
OPENING THE WELL
-
TOUR PRODUCTION
FACILITIES
-
WELL FLUID
SEPARATION
-
CRUDE OIL TREATMENT
-
WATER TREATMENT
-
BASIC CONTROL
-
CRUDE OIL STORAGE
-
SUBSEA
OPERATIONS
- HANDS-ON
EXERCISES
02/14/2007
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